What do XRD peaks represent?
The peak intensity shows the extent of crystallinity of the particular plane. As crystallinity is a relative term and not absolute. In comparision with the available samples, total sum of the various prominent peaks intensity one can calculate the crystallinity.
How do you identify a mineral in XRD?
The best method for mineral identification used by laboratories is X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In XRD a small sample of the mineral the size of a grain of rice or smaller, is sent to a laboratory. The mineral is powdered and placed on a special plate that resembles a microscope slide.
Why K alpha is used in XRD?
K(alpha) is more intense than k(beta). Copper targets are easier to cool than most other possible electrodes. Most references have standardized on the Cu k(alpa) so it is easier refer to other results. Other wavelengths are acceptable.
What is the role of nickel filter in XRD?
Thus, filter set ups like the copper nickel system described above are used to allow only a single X-ray wavelength to penetrate through to a target crystal, allowing the resulting scattering to determine the diffraction distance.
What does sharpness of peak indicate in XRD?
If the peak is very sharp then it simply means that you must scan with small steps through the region of 2θ within which the peak resides in order to have sufficient sampling to define its shape.
Why some peaks have higher intensity in XRD?
Secondly, it might due to the measured crystals have texture in some directions, causing the higher intensity peaks. Other reasons might be due to the scanning parameters, measurement geometry setup and intrinsic properties of crystals.
What is Braggs law used for?
The Bragg law is useful for measuring wavelengths and for determining the lattice spacings of crystals. To measure a particular wavelength, the radiation beam and the detector are both set at some arbitrary angle θ. The angle is then modified until a strong signal is received.
How to characterize the adsorption of uranium on PRA?
To insight the mechanism of adsorption of uranium onto PRA, the PRA was characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy before and after the adsorption. 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials
What is radioactive water with uranium?
Radioactive water with uranium is mainly derived from the uranium ore mining/milling activities, radioactive material, nuclear accident and nuclear weapon explosion [10], [11]. Therefore it urgently needs an efficient and economically method to treat the wastewater contaminated with uranium.
What is the separation factor of uranium in wastewater?
With the 1.652 mg/L concentration of uranium in wastewater, the calculated separation factor RL in this experiment is 0.2143 ( Table 4 ), which is between 0 and 1 (0 < R L < 1). It is indicated that PRA is a favorable adsorbent for uranium containing industrial wastewater. 3.4. Adsorption kinetics
Is uranium adsorbed by different mineral adsorbents?
Uranium adsorption by different mineral adsorbents recently reported. 3.2. Column experiment 3.2.1. Influence of particle size of PRA on uranium adsorption