What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down attention?
Attention can be categorized into two distinct functions: bottom-up attention, referring to attentional guidance purely by externally driven factors to stimuli that are salient because of their inherent properties relative to the background; and top-down attention, referring to internal guidance of attention based on …
What is the attentional control theory?
Attentional control theory proposes that weakness of executive control, especially in relation to inhibition, accentuates the tendency of anxious individuals to be distracted by the threat stimuli prioritized by stimulus-driven attention.
What is a bottom-up attention?
Bottom-up attention is a sensory-driven selection mechanism that directs perception toward a subset of the stimulus that is considered salient, or attention-grabbing.
Why is bottom-up processing important?
Bottom-up processing can be extremely useful for understanding certain elements of how perception occurs. However, research has also shown that other factors including expectation and motivation (elements of top-down processing) can have an impact on how we perceive things around us.
What are the two types of attentional control?
Studies related to attentional control and performance take two differing approaches. Specifically, research on attentional capture has two modes: voluntary and reflexive. The voluntary mode is a top down approach where attention is shifted according to high-level cognitive processes.
What are the four types of attentional control?
These dimensions each occur on overlapping continuums, creating four “quadrants” of attentional focus: (1) broad external, in which the athlete assesses the situation by looking at the environment and various elements within it; (2) broad internal, in which the athlete processes information and develops a strategy; (3) …